The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in South-East Asia has raised concerns about the security of women, with gender biases present in widely used AI systems acting as a barrier to the positive use of AI in the context of peace and security. Research conducted by UN Women and the United Nations University Institute in Macau (UNU Macau) reveals that women human rights defenders (WHRDs) and women’s Civil Society Organizations (WCSOs) in the region are particularly vulnerable to cyber threats, yet often lack the resources to effectively combat these threats.
The report titled “Artificial Intelligence and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda in South-East Asia” highlights the opportunities and risks associated with AI in the region. Gender biases such as discrimination, stereotyping, exclusion, and insecurity need to be addressed in order for South-East Asian countries to fully benefit from technological advancements. While AI has the potential to enhance peace efforts and improve conflict prevention, there are concerns about the unequal application of AI technologies across genders.
A second report, “Cybersecurity Threats, Vulnerabilities and Resilience among Women Human Rights Defenders and Civil Society in South-East Asia,” delves into the cybersecurity risks faced by WHRDs and WCSOs in the region. These individuals and organizations are specifically targeted in cyberspace due to the nature of their work, with misogynistic and sexualized harassment being common forms of attack. The report emphasizes the need for a human-centric approach to cybersecurity, focusing on the experiences and vulnerabilities of at-risk groups.
The research underscores the importance of fostering collaborative approaches in cybersecurity policy development and engagement, with a focus on building the knowledge and capacity of civil society, government, and private-sector actors to prevent and respond to cyber threats. Specific attention should be given to women’s groups operating in politically volatile and crisis-affected contexts, where the risks of digital attacks are heightened. By promoting inclusive practices and providing targeted support, it is possible to mitigate the disproportionate impacts of cyber threats on women’s security in South-East Asia.
The launch of this research coincided with the UN Women youth conference, Gen-Forum 2024, in Bangkok, Thailand. The aim of the research, conducted over a 12-month period, is to contribute to global discussions on ethics and norms surrounding AI and digital governance. In the coming months, training materials based on the research findings will be rolled out in Thailand and Vietnam, with e-learning modules and training handbooks available in multiple languages to empower stakeholders in the region.
The intersection of AI, cybersecurity, and women’s security in South-East Asia presents complex challenges that require a multifaceted response. By addressing gender biases in AI systems, enhancing cybersecurity measures for at-risk individuals and organizations, and promoting inclusive policies and practices, it is possible to create a safer digital environment for women in the region. The research conducted by UN Women and UNU Macau serves as a critical step towards advancing women’s security in the era of artificial intelligence.
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